Why voltage sags
Cold slows electrochemical reactions and can increase the voltage drop when a device draws current.
Application matters
A low-background sensor with short radio pulses stresses a coin cell differently from a continuously running clock.
Use rated systems
Select only a battery chemistry and temperature range supported by the device and battery manufacturers.
Decision boundary
This guide narrows a battery decision but does not override the device manufacturer’s current manual or safety instructions.
Sources
- Energizer — Lithium Coin Handbook and Application Manual
Lithium/manganese-dioxide coin chemistry, voltage, capacity, drain and application behavior.
- Duracell — Battery chemistry technical bulletins
Alkaline, lithium-manganese-dioxide, zinc-air and silver-oxide chemistry behavior.